Michael MacCracken is Chief Scientist for Climate Change Programs with the Climate Institute in Washington, DC. He received his B.S. in Engineering from Princeton University in 1964 and Ph.D. in Applied Science from the University of California Davis/Livermore in 1968. Since retiring in 2002, Mike has served on the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (2002-2004), as a review editor for the IPCC AR4 (2005-2007), as president (2003-2007) of the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS), and as a coordinating lead author on the 2007 report Confronting Climate Change: Avoiding the Unmanageable and Managing the Unavoidableprepared at the request of the UN Commission on Sustainable Development.